As a science Architecture has suffered over time substantial transformation and completions, because of its progress of the society. In this 21st century's postmodern age of aesthetics and technology, the world is witnessing immense demographic expansion due to migration from surrounding villages, leading to urban sprawl, housing demand and in a rise in the cost of land. While high rise skyscraper residential building has already become a solution in capital cities, small towns are suffering from an overcrowded population as we, the people prefer to live in a peaceful surrounding with all daily needs and facilities available in the range of our hand. This has expanded all the small towns in all districts over the world in all aspects of development. A physically developed small city is more expected by the habitats. Lack of paying attention to small-town planning leads to an imperfect, misbalanced lifestyle.
Small-town usually have unmet needs and are well suited for many of the industries predicted to grow in the coming years. In 2011 over half the world's urban population and a quarter of its total population lived in urban centres and with this urban rise of acres, these face the problems of congestion, pollution, high population, deforestation, competition etc. The small town is basically situated or linked between city and rural area small town is also the agricultural production, supply Centre, the distribution centre of agro sideline product. It is like the city and the countryside involved in a whole bond. The slow development of small towns is the footstone for urbanization, which has great importance in the construction of small towns. Urban morphology, a kind of space systems is in a particular geographical environment and social background with human activities. Urban morphology is composed of feature space form of development of towns in the performance of the changing. The basic principle of urban architectural design is that it should uphold the responsibility of local architectural culture, the new town buildings must be able to reflect the local history, culture, heritage, characteristics of geographical environment.
Mainly these characteristics represent the local economy. The economy is the foundation of culture. The economy of areas is developed, but the development of the local town's constructions is extremely backward and the lack of control and guiding policy will only cause local architectural developments in disorder. Some designers do not make the field investigation and study, causing great damage to the local architectural form.
Currently, major cities or small lands has become an experiment for architects. They include more ecofriendly and foreign-influenced design structure which is maybe good for our next generation, but destroying our forefather's glory, the ancient architectural forms and techniques. When the architectural form comes with a characteristic, itself will form a cultural industry and tourism spot. The small town has the characteristics of people's spirit and culture. The form of the traditional building is the result of the outlook, life sole and aesthetics of the residents. The culture is the most intrinsic and constant thing acting on the character of small towns. At the present age, many small-town houses copy the forms from western sole buildings. The foreign ideology under their sole cannot be removed as we ourselves diminish our own buildings. Let's start with the history, as with the Mughals under European colonial rule, architecture became an emblem of power, designed to endorse the occupying power. Numerous European countries invaded India and created architectural styles reflective of their ancestral and adopted homes.
The European colonizer created an architecture that symbolized their mission of conquest, dedicated to the state or religion. The British, French, Dutch, and the Portuguese were the main European powers that colonized the parts of India. These structures have become a constant in the city map. The local municipality, the government are showing their revere and hying their best to protect them from usurp of Skyscraper metropolitan city.
Wherever a historical structure is situated a town has raised in its suburbs. Ellora, Aurangabad Agra, Hyderabad, Nalanda, Lucknow, Cairo etc. are the examples. In some of these cities, their own architectural style is still seen, and the rest is in the process of extinction. Like in Varanasi there are still Persian, ancient Indian houses, tombs, domes, columns, balconies are seen. And in Cairo, where about half of the country's urban population is concentrated ire two cities and because of the mounting problems associated with this phenomenon, the research argues that small site settlements could be an appropriate approach for managing the urban fracture in developing countries.
There are houses made of sandstones which indicates the architectural value and history of its ancient heritage glory.
No one can even think of residing just beside the pyramids or demolish them and set a high-rise structure of steel, glass skyscrapers Yes there are some high buildings in these cities but they also have well protected their ancient architecture techniques. The major cities colonized during the 18th century period were Madras, Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi, Agra, Bankipore, Bhopal, and Hyderabad Madras is known for its colonial architecture. Most of the buildings are circular in shape and is sided by two rectangular sections. Garden houses were originally used as weekend houses for recreational use by the upper-class British. Calcutta-Madras were similar bordered by water and division of Indian in the north and British in the south. Indian villages in these areas consisted of dig and straw houses, later transformed into a metropolis of bricks and stones.
French-influenced architecture is still seen in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry, Portuguese in some part of Karnataka and Goa. Calcutta, Bombay is full of Gothic, British, Roman architectural structures, despite the high ratings, IT firms, shopping malls, those structures are almost well maintained enough by, the municipality, which has to be maintained all over the globe.
If we invest some foreign techniques in small town architecture, these would be a huge confusion in the local architectural style. Different distribution and style constitute different environment forms and space characters, which are the direct expression of substance landscape of the towns. But there are some small towns which are in difficulties of ordinary looking because of lack in urban design. For example, there are lots of houses using china bricks as facade material, look like matchbox expression. What's more the composition of the buildings are short of the different local styles and techniques. There is both Chinese and foreign style in architecture designs and the colour of the house looks dull, disorder and unattractive. All that above cannot reflect the local characteristics. key portions of the demographic of small towns leave small towns to seek greater opportunities in metropolitan areas. England and America are the earlier countries that put the method of urban design into process. England has even passed a plan policy bill in the ministry of their own, depicting the demand the position and the content of the urban design which carries the local urban morphology. Even in America over than 1000 small Looms is undergoing in the process of urban design. America boasts approximate 27000 small towns and villages that are home to more than 30 million people. These places of fewer than 25000 residents make up the vast majority of "urbanized areas' in the US. Roughly 80 per cent of their papule/ion is urban, and 80 per cent of their urban areas are actually small towns. While in India there are no such act, regulation to the content, even in some towns the urban design is accomplished elaborately. Another problem is that urban design has no legal position, so it has no instructive and control power to city awareness. Next thing is to keep natural resources intact to a small urban place.
An ideal example of the development of small town is Pune. Pune is the seventh-largest city in India and second-largest city in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai. Pune has claimed the title of Detroit of India. But a city like Pune which is in top gear of development in skyscrapers it is also endangered with its loss of tradition in its urbanology. The strategy of farm making and placemaking continued to dominate the imagination of architects and urban planners. Small towns are the places where unique sites and characters are found. It is Obvious that the flavor of a small town cannot be found in a gigantic metropolitan. The small houses with its own terrace, small parks, a semi-crowded market, a peaceful worship place, greenery, pleasant landscape, plain roads, good transport facilities, street foods and much more. The architecture of India is rooted in its history, culture and religion. The architecture methods practised in India are a result of examination and implementation of its established building traditions and outside cultural interactions. As an architect/ planner our aim is to add this type of flavour in our designs. We concentrate too much on peoples comfort, not the culture. Now we need to take a stand. Not only designing residents, but protecting the heritage, by adding our own local ancient architectural designs in it and cultivating more greenery, And when creativity meets emotion... it becomes a cosmic place to live in. But will we be able to dispel the counterfeit thrive of western influence in small-town architecture? Will we be able to preserve all the culture, technique, heritage of our ancient civilizations from this tenacious, quixotic 'Urbanization? Well, where others see coincidence, I see the consequence.
references:
1. en,wikipedia.m/ web-
2. Irib, tradition mailers y A.G. Krishna Menon
3. Emergent Opportunities: Urban Design in Small Town Appalachia by Philip Gelman
4. An introduction to Architeaure BuildingTraditions: Lessons From Ethno-Arehittas by Paul Mernmot
5. Architecture Inside Out hi Alberto Goyena
6. Small Towns Development Strategies of New Urbanization (Online- Anonymous)
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